Qualifications to Become a Member of the Roman Senate

Qualifications to Become a Member of the Roman Senate In historical fiction members of the Roman Senate or young men who dodge their civic responsibilities but who are senatorial material are rich. Did they have to be? Were there property or other qualifications to become a member of the Roman Senate? The answer to this question is one that I need to repeat more often: Ancient Roman history spanned two millennia and over that time, things changed. Several modern historical fiction mystery writers, like David Wishart, are dealing with the early part of the Imperial Period, known as the Principate. Property Requirements Augustus instituted a property requirement for senators. The sum he set it at was, at first, 400,000 sesterces, but then he raised the requirement to 1,200,000 sesterces. Men who needed help meeting this requirement were at this time given grants. Should they mismanage their funds, they were expected to step down. Prior to Augustus, however, the selection of senators was in the hands of the censors and before the institution of the office of censor, selection was by the people, kings, consuls, or consular tribunes. The senators selected were from the wealthy, and generally from those who had already held a position as magistrate. In the period of the Roman Republic, there were 300 senators, but then Sulla increased their number to 600. Although the tribes selected the original men to fill the added ranks, Sulla increased the magistracies so there would be ex-magistrates in the future to warm the senate benches. Number of Senators When there was a surplus, censors trimmed the excess. Under Julius Caesar and the triumvirs, the number of senators increased, but Augustus brought the number back down to Sullan levels. By the third century A.D. the number may have reached 800-900. Age Requirement Augustus appears to have changed the age at which one could become senator, reducing it from perhaps 32 to 25. Roman Senate References Seating Space in the Roman Senate and the Senatores PedariiLily Ross Taylor and Russell T. ScottTransactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association Vol. 100, (1969), pp. 529-582A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, by Sir William SmithA Summary of the Roman Civil Law, by Patrick Mac Chombaich de Colquhoun

Assigned a new project Ask your boss these questions ASAP

Assigned a new project Ask your boss these questions ASAP If you’re committed to doing your very best at work each day and taking every opportunity to show your bosses and colleagues that you’re dedicated and serious about your job, then when you get assigned to a new project you know that it’s a great opportunity to show your stuff. You likely get excited by the possibility of hitting the ground running and will stop at nothing to ensure that every facet of the project is completely successful. If this sounds familiar, then you know that it usually takes a strong start for a project to finish strong. This means that you need to have a good handle on the core, fundamental aspects of the assignment. You’ll want to kickstart your work leaving no stone unturned and no question unanswered- because any lingering doubt or confusion at the beginning can fester, grow, and spread, and make a successful completion increasingly less likely.Although the nature of work projects can vary greatly, based on a wide range of facto rs (including industry, size, and scope, to name just a few), there are some basic questions that you should ask and have answered before getting things going. We suggest asking the following questions whenever you’re assigned to a new project to help ensure a successful result.â€Å"What are the goals of the project?†Of course, knowing a project’s goals is key to being successful. After all, we can’t congratulate ourselves for building a helicopter (though impressive) if the goal was to build a boat, can we? We need to know the purpose of the project and what it is expected to achieve before we can begin determining what a positive result even looks like. Whenever you get started on a project, make sure that whoever is in charge clearly communicates to you the goals of the project- it’s the logical starting point for the next step, which is determining how to make those goals an achievable reality.â€Å"What are the key target dates?†Anothe r crucial piece of any project puzzle is knowing the project timeline- this includes the final date for completion as well as all project milestones and deliverables along the way, especially the ones you’re responsible for. Once you know what is expected of you and when you’re expected to deliver results, you can plan accordingly.â€Å"What is my role in the project?†Getting clarity up front regarding your specific role for the project is crucial. When it comes time to deliver, you want to be sure that there are no surprises in terms of what’s expected of you. This becomes especially important for large projects with multiple stakeholders and deliverable windows.â€Å"Who are the other stakeholders involved in the project?†A crucial component for success on many projects- especially large ones with multiple components- is to make sure that everyone involved knows all of the other key project stakeholders, and to establish a regular and efficient f low of communication. When you’re getting started on a new project, always make sure you know all the players involved and how best to keep in contact with them.There you have it, a few crucial questions that you should get answers to when you’re beginning any new work project. Of course, you’ll likely have additional questions that are specific to the project you’re currently working on, but getting answers to these fundamental ones will help ensure that your project gets off on the right foot, stays on track, and is ultimately successful.

Routine Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Routine Letter - Essay Example As we move forward with plans for our yearly spectacular event, we are confident that your proposals will take this year’s project to the next level, increasing visibility and attracting even more public participation. Having seen your presentation, the committee is anxious to move forward. We will need a detailed plan of how you will be proceeding once we have signed with you, especially regarding the acquisition of city permits that will be necessary for the display you are planning to provide. Obviously, we would like to avoid any problems that might arise from the height of some of the props you have proposed. We need to ensure that you will be capable of delivering the creative, extravagant production from your presentation. I cannot begin to tell you how excited I was to meet with you concerning the production that your company has to offer toward our project. Having planned several large scale marketing projects for our company, I have had wonderful opportunities to expand our associations through the participation of a diversity of businesses. I look forward to this being one of those opportunities as I am thrilled to tell you that your company is being awarded the contract. We have seen many clever and innovative presentations regarding this marketing venture, however, none of the other applicants showed the same understanding of our goals as you seemed to share with us. As we move forward with plans for our yearly spectacular event, we are confident that your proposals will take this year’s project to the next level, increasing visibility and attracting even more public participation. Having seen your presentation, the committee is anxious to move forward. We will need a detailed plan of how you will be proceeding once we have signed with you, especially regarding the acquisition of city permits that will be necessary for the display

Is Osama Bin Laden Killing Legal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is Osama Bin Laden Killing Legal - Assignment Example According to international humanitarian law, the killing of Laden seems justifiable as there was armed conflict involved. In addition, as the law indicates, there was intense conflict and the actor was an organized group. Thus, it becomes evident that the killing of Laden is legal according to humanitarian law. Now, when the human rights law is considered, it is pointed out that one can be targeted as far as that person directly participates in hostilities. Thus, planning terrorist attacks from hideout can be considered as direct involvement in terror. However, a look into the international law as evident from the UN Charter reveals that America violated the international law by entering the Pakistan soil without the permission or authorization of the UN Security Council, and even without the knowledge of Pakistan officials. Though Pakistan declared that their sovereignty had not been violated by the US operation, it is evident that it is the embarrassment of being caught red-handed with their malicious motives that made Pakistan respond that way. In fact, Article 2 of the UN Charter declare that all member nations should refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations. In addition, America violates international law in the fact that it did not seek the permission of UN Security Council. To illustrate, Article 39, Chapter VII of the UN Charter states that the Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42 to maintain or restore international peace and security.

Theodore Roosevelt: A Pioneer for the Environment Essay example -- Gre

I have always been fond of the West African proverb: â€Å"Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.† Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt, the first Cowboy environmentalist. A man who would inspire generations of outdoorsmen to protect their local and national wilderness for their own children, so that they might one day hunt, fish, and hike those the same hillsides. Roosevelt was born in 1858 into a wealthy family with good connections in New York City. Since Theodore was a sickly kid, he spent a great part of his childhood on his own, collecting small wildlife specimens. He was motivated by a love of the outdoors, spending long hours observing and cataloging local insects and birds. He often described himself as lacking in education compared to other children, due to the fact that he spent so much time out of school. Yet at age nine he wrote an essay titled, â€Å"The Natural History of Insects.† He became a master at observation, a skilled hunter, and was clearly inspired by the amazing gifts of his outdoor world. Theodore overcame his childhood health issues, and was even a top boxer at Harvard. He graduated in 1880 and headed towards law school at Columbia - for a couple of terms. But the political life was calling to him, and he ditched Columbia to become a New York State assemblyman. One of the key lessons of Roosevelt took from his college years was that while a man must take individual responsibility for leading a good life and building his own future, all humans must have a collective responsibility for each other. Otherwise our society would risk disintegrating into â€Å"a riot of lawless business individualism which would be quite as destructive to real civilization as the lawless military individual... ...e have the knowledge that so many people who came before us lacked†¦ now we must muster the courage to use it. It’s time. Works Cited Donahue, Bill. â€Å"Beauty and the Badlands.† Sierra Mar. 2002: 34-43. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Dustin, Daniel L., and Ingrid E. Schneider. â€Å"Collaborative Conflict Resolution at Devils Tower National Monument.† P & R July 2001: 80-85. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Jensen, Mari N. â€Å"Coming of Age at 100: Renewing the National Wildlife Refuge System.† BioScience 53.4 (2003): 321-27. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Lewis, James G. â€Å"Roosevelt, Theodore.† Encyclopedia of World Environmental History. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Meine, Curt. â€Å"Roosevelt, Conservation, and the Revival of Democracy.† Conservation Biology 4 Aug. 2001: 829-31. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009.

Unleashing the Vortex of Marketing

Basically, marketing revolves around the vortex of financial gain mixed with the never ending maze of public relation skills and forecasting methods.   In first sight, it may sound easy to have a product sold on the market—but on real issues and basis on testimonies from those who are under the schema of marketing and commerce, the challenge comes in a full turn of abilities and finesse.   Perceivably, an individual who does not possess the skill to persuade and create a dimension of intellectual connection over the consumers, then it may be evaluated as an employer or a producer with empty pockets and shallow hands. The world of commerce is vast and vague; one who does not get a ticket to the â€Å"clear† vision on that field will eventually end up on the banquet with rugged clothes, per se.   In further illustration, marketing is like a â€Å"battle of tycoons† the targets are on the center—the consumers—and the probability of having that â€Å"target† get on one’s sleeve is to outweigh all the other players of the realm—consequently a hard task since there are those who may be as competent as you are or rather one’s product is highly focused by the consumer in some instance. Moreover, the idea that every customer is in different markets at different times and different places is not as heretical as it initially might sound. For instance, newspaper publishers have long recognized that most of their customers have more leisure time on Sundays to read the paper and accordingly have filled that edition with a greater number and wider variety of stories. Similarly, airlines, hotels, and car-rental companies find that the desires of their clients differ greatly depending on whether they are traveling for business or for leisure—and differ yet again when they combine the two. One executive at a major airline remarked, â€Å"We've even found that the needs of business travelers differ depending on whether they are going to or coming from a meeting.† In the apparel industry, a given customer could be in the market for casual wear at one time and for business attire at another (Vitale, 1998). Reference Vitale, J. G. (1998). There's a Customer Born Every Minute: P.T. Barnum's Secrets to Business Success. New York: AMACOM Books.      

Truman Capote Helped Shape Journalism by Giving it an Edge

â€Å"All literature is gossip†, it was quotes like this that made Truman Capote the writer he was. A truly outstanding and well known journalist that was anything but boring. Known for being controversial and colorful, Truman would be remembered for years to come. Truman Capote was born September, 30, 1924 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Throughout his time he was known for his writing in America. What interests me the most about Truman Capote is the fact that his struggled as a child and that struggle was what faced him to be the person he was. He did not have a happy childhood; he came from a rough background. Capote helped â€Å"shape† the news by giving that edge needed to make it interesting. As a journalist it is important to keep the reader entertained as well as informed. A childhood such as Truman Capote (Born in New Orleans in 1924) is hard to believe because of the type of writer he was. Capote was abandoned by his mother and raised by his aunts and cousins in Mo nroeville, Alabama. As a child he lived a very lonely life. He struggled with dealing with the fact that his mother abandoned him. Due to this emptiness was what led him to become a writer. He (Capote) states â€Å"I began writing really sort of seriously when I was about eleven. I say seriously in the sense that like other kids go home and practice the violin or the piano or whatever; I used to go home from school every day and I would write for about three hours. I was obsessed by it†, he was definitely decided to be